Animal Protein Sources
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| Animal protein sources - vetinpakistan |
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| Animal protein sources - vetinpakistan |
Proteins in poultry or dairy rations can be provided either using plants or animals as a source. Animal protein sources are obtained primarily from inedible tissues of animals. Storage and processing of such compounds is difficult due to spoilage and nutrient loss. If they are not heated properly, pathogenic organisms may survive and cause infections to the animals which eat them. On the other hand, excessive heating causes loss of nutrients and reduction in protein availability.
Due to several reasons animal protein sources are not used at large scale. They are offered in small amounts because they are expensive. Animal protein sources are used to overcome amino acid deficiencies caused in animals if they are fed only vegetable protein diets.
Meat scrap or Meat meal
Meat scrap or meat meal contains 50-55% protein and 21% ash with high calcium (8%) and phosphorus (4%) content. It is obtained from hoof, hair, horn, hide trimming and stomach contents. Fat and dried blood is removed from this. It is normally used for pigs and poultry. It is good source of vitamin B complex.
Meat and Bone meal
Meat and bone meal is high in calcium and phosphorus but lower in protein (40%) as compared to meat scrap. It contains more bone as compared to meat meal. It is used in pig and poultry rations.
Blood meal
Blood meal is higher in crude protein (80%) but most of its protein is indigestible which limits its use in adult birds up to 1-2% only. Blood meal is not used in young poultry flocks.
How is blood meal prepared?
Steam at 100 ℃ is passed over the blood which makes it sterile and blood becomes clotted. Blood is then pressed to remove serum and again dried by passing steam through it and ground. It is poor in calcium and phosphorus content.
Feather meal
Feather meal has very high protein content that is above 80%. In dairy rations it can be included up to 10% while in pig and poultry rations, inclusion levels are set at 5% or less.How is feather meal prepared?
Feather protein is usually not digestible by mono-gastrics therefore feathers are processed either at low pressure or high pressure, then dried at 60℃ and ground. After that they are passed through 20 mesh screen. As a result we get meal with good digestibility.
Hatchery by-product meal
This meal contains 40-45% protein and 10-13% fat in it. Higher calcium content (15-20%) limits its use in ordinary diets but in broiler type rations it can be included up to 5% level.
How is hatchery by-product meal prepared?
Hatchery by-product meal is prepared by cooking, drying and grinding infertile eggs, dead embryos, shells of hatched eggs and unsaleable chicks.
Fish meal
Fish meal contains 60% crude protein with excellent digestibility (93-95%). It has 20% ash and contains 8% calcium and 3.5% phosphorus. It has become a standard ration for pig and poultry and can be used up to 10%. In ruminants, although it proved a useful source of protein, high price limits its use.
It contains good quantity of vitamin B complex and growth factors called Animal Protein Factor (APF).
How is fish meal prepared?
Depending upon type of fish, different methods can be used to prepare fish meal. Good fish meal have low fat content. White fish meal is prepared from fish which contains minimum fat. It is made by drying fish materials directly under sun after removing intestinal contents. An admixture of salt is used.
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